Ko te tahunga o te waro i roto i ngā whare whakaputa hiko ka puta he para totoka, pērā i te pungarehu raro me te pungarehu rere, me te hau para e tukuna ana ki te āhuarangi. He maha ngā whare hanga e hiahiatia ana kia tangohia ngā tukunga SOx mai i te hau para mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha whakakorenga hau para (FGD). Ko ngā hangarau FGD matua e toru e whakamahia ana i te US ko te horoi makuku (85% o ngā whakaurunga), te horoi maroke (12%), me te werohanga mimiti maroke (3%). Ko ngā horoi makuku ka tangohia neke atu i te 90% o te SOx, ki te whakaritea ki ngā horoi maroke, e tango ana i te 80%. E whakaatu ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā hangarau hou mō te maimoatanga i te wai para e puta mai ana i te makuku.Ngā pūnaha FGD.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te FGD Makuku
He rite tonu ngā hangarau FGD mākū, arā, ko te wāhanga tauhohenga paru me te wāhanga whakamaroke totoka. He maha ngā momo mimiti kua whakamahia, tae atu ki ngā pourewa tākai me ngā pourewa paepae, ngā horoi venturi, me ngā horoi rehu i roto i te wāhanga tauhohenga. Ka whakakorea e ngā mimiti ngā hau waikawa ki te paru kawakore o te raima, te hauwai konutai, te kōhatu rānei. Mō ētahi take ōhanga, ka whakamahia e ngā horoi hou te paru kōhatu.
Ina tauhohe te kōhatu kōhatu ki te SOx i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakaiti o te mea mimiti, ka hurihia te SO2 (te wāhanga matua o te SOx) hei whanariki, ā, ka puta he paru whai kiko i te konupūmā whanariki. Ko ngā pūnaha FGD o mua (e kiia nei ko te whakahāngaitanga taiao, ko ngā pūnaha whakahāngaitanga aukati rānei) i whakaputa i tētahi hua taha konupūmā whanariki. Ko ngā mea hou akeNgā pūnaha FGDwhakamahia he tauhohenga whakahāngaitanga e hurihia ai te paru konupūmā whanariki ki te konupūmā whanariki (gypsum); e kiia ana ēnei ko ngā pūnaha whakahāngaitanga ā-pūngao limestone (LSFO) FGD.
Ko ngā pūnaha LSFO FGD hou e whakamahi ana i tētahi pūnaha mimiti pourewa rehu me tētahi tauhohenga whakapūngao whakauru i roto i te turanga (Pikitia 1) i tētahi pūnaha pupuhi jet rānei. I roto i ia pūnaha ka mimitihia te hau i roto i tētahi paru kōhatu i raro i ngā āhuatanga kore-paitini; kātahi ka haere te paru ki tētahi tauhohenga aerobic, ki tētahi rohe tauhohenga rānei, ka hurihia te whanariki ki te whanariki, ā, ka puta te gypsum. Ko te wā pupuri waipēhi i roto i te tauhohenga whakapūngao he tata ki te 20 meneti.
1. Pūnaha FGD o te kōhatu rehu kōhatu (LSFO). I roto i te LSFO scrubber ka tukuna te paru ki tētahi tauhohenga, ka tāpirihia te hau hei akiaki i te waikura o te whanariki ki te whanariki. Ko te āhua nei ka huri te selenite ki te selenate i tēnei waikura, ka hua ake he uauatanga maimoatanga i muri mai. Puna: CH2M HILL
Ko te tikanga, ka whakahaerehia ēnei pūnaha me ngā totoka iri i te 14% ki te 18%. Ko ngā totoka iri he mea tito mai i ngā totoka gypsum pai me ngā totoka matotoru, te pungarehu rere, me ngā rauemi kore mahi i whakaurua mai me te kōhatu kōhatu. Ina tae ngā totoka ki te taumata teitei, ka tangohia te paru. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūnaha LSFO FGD e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha wehewehe totoka me te whakamaroke mīhini hei wehe i te gypsum me ētahi atu totoka mai i te wai horoi (Pikitia 2).
2. Pūnaha whakamaroke gypsum FGD. I roto i te pūnaha whakamaroke gypsum noa, ka wehea, ka wehea rānei ngā matūriki i roto i te whakamaroke ki ngā wāhanga matotoru me ngā wāhanga angiangi. Ka wehea ngā matūriki angiangi i roto i te purge mai i te hydroclone hei whakaputa i te underflow e titoa ana i te nuinga o ngā tioata gypsum nui (hei hoko pea) ka taea te whakamaroke ki te ihirangi makuku iti mā te pūnaha whakamaroke whitiki korehau. Puna: CH2M HILL
Ko ētahi pūnaha FGD e whakamahi ana i ngā whakamātotoru taumaha, i ngā puna taunga rānei mō te whakarōpūtanga o ngā totoka me te whakamaroke wai, ā, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i ngā centrifuges, i ngā pūnaha whakamaroke wai pūwero hurihuri rānei, engari ko te nuinga o ngā pūnaha hou e whakamahi ana i ngā hydroclones me ngā whitiki korehau. Ko ētahi ka whakamahi pea i ngā hydroclones e rua i roto i te raupapa hei whakanui ake i te tango totoka i roto i te pūnaha whakamaroke wai. Ka taea te whakahoki i tētahi wāhanga o te waipuke hydroclone ki te pūnaha FGD hei whakaiti i te rere o te wai para.
Ka taea hoki te tīmata i te whakakorenga ina he puranga o te pūhaumāota i roto i te paru FGD, e hiahiatia ana nā runga i ngā here i whakatakotoria e te ātete ki te waikura o ngā rauemi hanga o te pūnaha FGD.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Wai Para o te FGD
He maha ngā taurangi e pā ana ki te hanganga o te wai para FGD, pērā i te hanganga o te waro me te kōhatu papa, te momo horoi, me te pūnaha whakamaroke-gypsum e whakamahia ana. Ka tukuna e te waro ngā hau waikawa - pērā i te chloride, te fluorides, me te sulfate - tae atu ki ngā konganuku pupuhi, tae atu ki te arsenic, te mercury, te selenium, te boron, te cadmium, me te zinc. Ka tukuna e te kōhatu papa te rino me te konumohe (mai i ngā kohuke uku) ki te wai para FGD. I te nuinga o te wā ka pakaru te kōhatu papa i roto i te mira pōro maku, ā, ko te mimiti me te waikura o ngā pōro ka tukuna te rino ki te paru kōhatu papa. Ka tukuna e ngā uku ngā mea angiangi kore mahi, koinei tētahi o ngā take e tangohia ai te wai para mai i te horoi.
Nā: Thomas E. Higgins, PhD, PE; A. Thomas Sandy, PE; me Silas W. Givens, PE.
Email: caroline@rbsic-sisic.com
Wā tuku: 04 o Ākuhata-2018