Uma kuziwa "kuma-ceramics", abantu abaningi baqala ukucabanga ngezitsha zasendlini, izitsha zokuhlobisa - ezibuthakathaka futhi ezibucayi, ezibonakala zingahlobene "nemboni" noma "hardcore". Kodwa kukhona uhlobo lwe-ceramic oluphula lo mbono wemvelo. Ukuqina kwayo kungokwesibili ngemuva kwedayimane, futhi ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme, imelane nokugqwala, futhi iphinde ibe yi-insulated kanye ne-conductive, ibe "izinto ezihlukahlukene" emkhakheni wezimboni. Ikonai-silicon carbide ceramic.
Kusukela kumishini engagugi ezimayini kuya kumamojula wamandla ezimotweni zamandla amasha, kusukela ezingxenyeni ezimelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu endaweni yendiza kuya kwezigxivizo zemishini yansuku zonke, i-silicon carbide ceramics isekela buthule ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni eziningi ezinezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile. Namuhla, ake sikhulume ngokuthi yini eyenza le ceramic “engavamile” igqame.
1, Kunzima ngokwedlulele: "umthwali" emkhakheni wokumelana nokugqoka
Inzuzo eyaziwa kakhulu ye-silicon carbide ceramics ubulukhuni bayo be-ultra-high kanye nokumelana nokugqoka. Ukuqina kwayo kwe-Mohs kungokwesibili ngemva kwedayimane elinzima kakhulu ngokwemvelo, liqine kakhulu kunensimbi evamile, insimbi engagqwali, ngisho nezitsha zobumba ze-alumina.
Le' sici esiqinile 'iyenza ikhanye ezimeni lapho idinga ukumelana nokuguga. Isibonelo, ezimbonini zezimayini nezensimbi, okokusebenza kokuthutha udaka nodaka lwe-slag (njengamaphampu anodaka namapayipi omugqa) kuvame ukukhukhulwa yizinhlayiya zamaminerali aqinile isikhathi eside, futhi izinsimbi ezijwayelekile zizoguguleka ngokushesha futhi zivuze amanzi. Izingxenye ezenziwe nge-silicon carbide ceramics zingamelana kalula nalokhu "kuhuzuka" futhi zibe nempilo yesevisi izikhathi eziningana noma ngisho nangaphezu kwezikhathi eziyishumi kunezingxenye zensimbi, kunciphisa kakhulu imvamisa nezindleko zokushintshwa kwemishini.
Hhayi ezilungiselelweni zezimboni kuphela, singakwazi futhi ukubona ubukhona bayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke - njengepheya ye-silicon carbide friction in seal mechanical. Ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokugqoka, iqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ayivuzi futhi inokulahlekelwa okuncane ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu, okuvumela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini efana namaphampu amanzi kanye nama-compressor.
I-2, "Ukumelana" Okuphezulu: Ukufakwa Kwamazinga Okushisa Okuphezulu Nokugqwala
Ngaphezu kokuqina, i-silicon carbide ceramics nayo inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqwala, okubavumela ukuthi "banamathele kokuthunyelwe kwabo" "ezindaweni ezinzima" eziningi.
Mayelana nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ngisho nangemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside ku-1350 ℃, ngeke kube khona ukuthambisa noma ukuguqulwa. Lesi sici siyenza ibe "intandokazi" ezimbonini ze-aerospace nezempi, ezisetshenziswa njengebhobho lezinjini zamarokhethi, ulayini lweziko lokushisa eliphezulu, njll. Ingathinta ngokuqondile amalangabi ashisa kakhulu noma izinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza. Ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezifana nezishisi zezimboni kanye nokusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwe-metallurgical, izingxenye ze-silicon carbide ceramic nazo zingangena esikhundleni sezinsimbi ezilinyazwa kalula ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu, zandise impilo yemishini.
Mayelana nokumelana nokugqwala, ama-silicon carbide ceramics anokuqina okuqinile kwamakhemikhali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-asidi, i-alkali, noma amagesi agqwalayo ahlukahlukene noketshezi, kunzima “ukukubhidliza”. Ngakho-ke, embonini yamakhemikhali, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ulwelwesi lwemikhumbi yokusabela, amapayipi nama-valve okuthutha imidiya egqwalayo; Emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuba khona kwayo kungabonakala nasezinsizeni zokwelapha amanzi angcolile ane-acid-base ephezulu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza akugqwalile futhi kusebenza ngokuzinzile.
3, "Ikhono" eliguquguqukayo: "Inkosi Esebenzayo" engakwazi kokubili eqinile futhi eguquguqukayo
Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-silicon carbide ceramics kuphela "inzima" futhi "ihlala isikhathi eside", khona-ke uwathatha kancane kakhulu. Ngokusho kwamasu okucubungula ahlukene, ingaba nemisebenzi eminingi efana ne-conductivity, insulation, kanye ne-thermal conductivity, iyenze ibe yinto esebenzayo enokusetshenziswa okuningi.
-Izakhiwo ze-Conductivity kanye ne-semiconductor: Ngokusebenzisa i-doping nezinye izakhi, i-silicon carbide ceramics ingashintsha isuka ku-insulators iye kuma-conductor, futhi ibe yizinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ibonise amakhono ayo emkhakheni wamandla we-elekthronikhi, njengokwenza amamojula amandla ezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko zama-converter ama-traction ezitimeleni ezinesivinini esikhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ze-silicon zendabuko, ama-semiconductors e-silicon carbide ane-conductivity ephakeme kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, okungenza izimoto ezintsha zamandla zishaje ngokushesha futhi zibe nobubanzi obude, futhi zenze imishini yamandla ibe mincane futhi iphumelele kakhulu.
-I-thermal conductivity enhle kakhulu: I-thermal conductivity ye-silicon carbide ceramics idlula kude le ye-ceramics evamile, futhi isondela ngisho naleyo yezinsimbi ezithile. Lesi sici sikwenza kube yinto ekahle yokukhipha ukushisa, isibonelo, ku-substrate yokukhipha ukushisa kwezibani ze-LED nama-chips e-electronic, ingakwazi ukukhipha ukushisa ngokushesha, ivimbele imishini ukuthi ingalimazi ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, futhi ithuthukise impilo yesevisi nokuzinza.
4, Okokugcina: I-silicon carbide ceramics, 'amandla okushayela angabonakali' okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni
Kusukela "okuqinile nokungagugi" kuya "kukumelana nokugqwala kwezinga eliphezulu lokushisa", bese kuya "ku-multifunctionality", i-silicon carbide ceramics yephule ukuqonda kwabantu nge-ceramics yendabuko enochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, ibe yinto ebalulekile esekela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, amandla amasha, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Akuyona into evamile njengensimbi noma engasindi njengepulasitiki, kodwa ezimweni zezimboni ezidinga "ukunqoba ubunzima", ihlale incike ezicini zayo "ezinamandla onke" ukuze ibe amandla amakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-silicon carbide ceramics ziyancipha kancane kancane, futhi izimo zohlelo lokusebenza nazo zikhula njalo. Ngokuzayo, kokubili amathuluzi amasha asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemishini yezimboni ehlala isikhathi eside ingase ibe namandla kakhulu ngenxa yokwengezwa kwezitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide. Lolu hlobo “lwezinto ezinamandla onke” ezifihlwe embonini lushintsha buthule ukukhiqiza nokuphila kwethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-20-2025