Njenge "qhawe elingadunyiswanga" lokudluliselwa kwamandla kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso,izitshintshi zobushushuukuxhasa ngokuzolileyo ukusebenza kwamashishini afana neekhemikhali, amandla, kunye nesinyithi. Ukusuka ekupholiseni umoya opholileyo ukuya ekupholiseni iinjini zerokhethi, ubukho bayo bukhona kuyo yonke indawo. Nangona kunjalo, ngasemva kokudluliselwa kobushushu okubonakala kulula, ukhetho lwezinto ludla ngokuba sisitshixo sokufumanisa impumelelo okanye ukusilela kwezixhobo. Namhlanje siza kutyhila ikhowudi eyintloko yezitshintshi zobushushu kwaye sifunde indlela iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezizisa ngayo ubuchule kweli candelo.
1, Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokufudumeza
Izitshintshi zobushushu zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezine ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zazo zesakhiwo:
1. Uhlobo lweqokobhe kunye netyhubhu – uyilo lwepayipi oluneeleya ezininzi olufana nonodoli oneendlwana, apho imidiya yangaphakathi neyangaphandle idlulisela ubushushu ngokungathanga ngqo eludongeni lwepayipi, ifanelekile kwiimeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu;
2. Uhlobo lwepleyiti – yenziwe ngeepleyiti zesinyithi ezirhangqiweyo ezifakwe kwiindlela ze-maze, ulwakhiwo lwepleyiti ebhityileyo luvumela ukudluliselwa kobushushu “kumphezulu ukuya kumphezulu” okusebenzayo kolwelo olushushu nolubandayo;
3. Uhlobo lweFin – amaphiko esinyithi akhula phezu komphezulu wombhobho ukuze kwandiswe indawo yomphezulu kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kobushushu emoyeni;
4. I-Spiral – Jika umjelo wokuhamba ube yimo yentwasahlobo ukuze wandise ixesha lokudibana kwesixhobo kwindawo encinci.
Yonke into eyakhiweyo ikwimeko efanayo neempawu ezibonakalayo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo: umzekelo, izinto zesinyithi zemveli, nangona zifudumeza ubushushu ngokukhawuleza, zihlala ziveza iintsilelo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana nokugqwala kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
2, i-Material Revolution: Uphuhliso lweSilicon Carbide Ceramics
Njengoko iinjineli ziqhubeka nokuphucula ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu, ukuvela kwezixhobo zokucoca ubushushu ze-silicon carbide kuye kwakhawulezisa olu tshintsho. Le zixhobo zokucoca ubushushu ezidityaniswe ngokwenziwa ziphinda zibhale imithetho yomdlalo kwicandelo lokutshintsha ubushushu:
1. Isiphelisi soMhlwa
Ukugqwala kweekhemikhali okufana ne-asidi enamandla kunye netyuwa kufana "notshaba lwendalo" lweesinyithi, ngelixa iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide zinokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu. Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, ubomi bazo benkonzo bunokufikelela amaxesha amaninzi kunobo bentsimbi engagqwali yendabuko, kwaye imijikelo yokugcinwa kwezixhobo yandiswa kakhulu.
2. Indlela ekhawulezayo yobushushu
Nangona ibizwa ngokuba yi-ceramic, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kobushushu kufana ne-aluminium alloy. Isakhiwo sekristale esikhethekileyo sivumela ubushushu ukuba bunyuke njengakwindlela enkulu, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu ngaphezulu kaninzi kune-ceramics eziqhelekileyo, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokulawula ubushushu ngokuchanekileyo ezifuna impendulo ekhawulezileyo.
3. Umlwi wobushushu obuphezulu
Ingagcina uzinzo lwesakhiwo nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu be-1350 ℃, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingathathelwa indawo kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokutshiswa kwenkunkuma kunye neenqwelo-moya. Izinto zesinyithi sele zithambile kwaye ziguqukile kule ndawo, kodwa i-silicon carbide isaqinile.
4. Kulula kwaye kulula ukuyiphatha
Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zesinyithi ezinkulu, iiseramikhi zesilicon carbide zinoxinano oluphantsi. Olu ncedo "lulula" luxabiseke kakhulu kwizixhobo eziphathwayo nakwiimeko zomsebenzi eziphakamileyo, nto leyo enciphisa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zothutho kunye nokufakela.
3, Ikamva lifikile: Izinto ezintsha ziqhuba ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso
Kwimeko yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, izixhobo zoshishino zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokonga amandla. Izitshintshi zobushushu ze-silicon carbide ceramic azinciphisi nje kuphela ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa kukugqwala kunye nokukhula, kodwa zikwanobomi obude obunciphisa inkunkuma yezixhobo ebangelwa kukutshintshwa kwezixhobo kwindawo ezikuyo. Okwangoku, obu buchwephesha busetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiindawo ezintsha zamandla ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-photovoltaic polycrystalline silicon kunye nokusila kwezinto zebhetri ye-lithium, okubonisa ukuziqhelanisa okunamandla nokuwela umda.
Njengomntu osungula izinto ezintsha obandakanyeka kakhulu kuphando nophuhliso lweeseramikhi ze-silicon carbide, siqhubeka sigqobhoza imiqobo yetekhnoloji yokwenza izinto kunye noomatshini abachanekileyo. Ngokwenza ngokwezifiso iimveliso ezineembobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zomphezulu, obu 'buchwepheshe bumnyama' bunokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zamashishini ahlukeneyo. Xa abatshintshi bobushushu bendabuko bedibana nemiqobo yokusebenza, iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide zingenisa ixesha elitsha lokudluliselwa kobushushu ngokufanelekileyo.
Imbali yokuvela kwetekhnoloji yokutshintshiselana kobushushu ngokusisiseko yimbali yotshintsho lwezinto ezintsha. Ukusuka kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo ukuya kwi-titanium alloy, ukusuka kwi-graphite ukuya kwi-silicon carbide, utshintsho ngalunye lwezinto luzisa uphuculo oluncinci ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla. Ukukhetha iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide akupheleli nje ekukhetheni izixhobo ezinokuthenjwa ngakumbi, kodwa kukwamalunga nokukhetha izisombululo zoshishino ezizinzileyo zexesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-27-2025