Nk' “intwari idashimwa” mu ihererekanya ry’ingufu mu rwego rw’inganda,ibikoresho byo guhinduranya ubushyuhegushyigikira bucece imikorere y'inganda nka chimique, ingufu, n'ibyuma. Kuva ku gukonjesha umwuka ushyushye kugeza ku gukonjesha moteri za roketi, iboneka hose. Ariko, inyuma y'uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, guhitamo ibikoresho akenshi biba ingenzi mu kumenya intsinzi cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibikoresho. Uyu munsi turaza kuvumbura amategeko shingiro y'ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe kandi twige uburyo icyuma cya silikoni carbide gitanga udushya muri uru rwego.
1, Uburyo butandukanye bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe
Ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bine hashingiwe ku miterere yabyo:
1. Ubwoko bw'igikonoshwa n'umuyoboro – igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuyoboro w'ibice byinshi gisa n'igipupe cy'igisenge, aho itangazamakuru ry'imbere n'iry'inyuma ryimura ubushyuhe mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu rukuta rw'umuyoboro, bikaba bikwiriye mu bihe by'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi;
2. Ubwoko bw'isahani - igizwe n'isahani z'icyuma zifatanye mu miyoboro ya maze, imiterere y'isahani nto ituma ubushyuhe bw'amazi ashyushye n'akonje bushobora koherezwa neza "ku buso bujya ku buso";
3. Ubwoko bw'amababa y'icyuma - amababa y'icyuma akurira hejuru y'umuyoboro kugira ngo yongere ubuso bw'ubutaka kandi yongere imikorere myiza yo kohereza ubushyuhe mu kirere;
4. Izunguruka - Hindura umuyoboro w'amazi mu ishusho y'impeshyi kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukorana n'umwuka mu mwanya muto.
Buri nyubako iri mu mukino ufite imiterere y’ibikoresho: urugero, ibikoresho gakondo by’icyuma, nubwo bishyushya vuba, bikunze kugaragaza inenge mu bihe bikomeye nko kwangirika n’ubushyuhe bwinshi.
2, Impinduramatwara y'Ibikoresho: Impinduka mu by'Ubutare bwa Silicon Carbide
Uko injeniyeri zikomeza kunoza imiterere y’ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, kugaragara kwa silicon carbide ceramics byihutishije iri terambere. Ibi bikoresho bya ceramic bikomeye cyane byakozwe mu buryo bw’ubukorano birimo kwandika amategeko agenga umukino mu rwego rwo guhindura ubushyuhe:
1. Umusenyi wo gutema ingese
Ingeso mbi z’imiti nka aside ikomeye n’umunyu ni nk’ “umwanzi karemano” w’ibyuma, mu gihe ibumba rya silicon carbide rifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye cyane bw’ingeso mbi. Mu gukora imiti, igihe cyabyo gishobora kugera ku nshuro nyinshi ku cyuma gisanzwe kidashonga, kandi igihe cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho kiragabanuka cyane.
2. Inzira ishyushya vuba
Nubwo yitwa keramike, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bugereranywa n'icyuma cya aluminiyumu. Imiterere yayo yihariye ya kristu ituma ubushyuhe buzamuka nk'aho buri mu muhanda munini, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe inshuro nyinshi kurusha keramike isanzwe, bigatuma iba nziza cyane ku buryo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe neza busaba igisubizo cyihuse.
3. Indwara yo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ishobora kugumana imiterere yayo ihamye nubwo yaba iri ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwa 1350 ℃, bigatuma idasimburwa mu bintu byihariye nko gutwika imyanda no mu kirere. Ibikoresho by'icyuma byamaze koroha no kwangirika muri iki gihe, ariko karubide ya silikoni iracyakomeye.
4. Byoroshye kandi byoroshye gutwara
Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho by'icyuma binini, ibumba rya silicon carbide rifite ubucucike buke. Iyi nyungu "yoroheje" ifite akamaro cyane mu bikoresho bigendanwa no mu mirimo yo mu misozi miremire, bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cyo gutwara no gushyiramo ibikoresho.
3, Ahazaza harageze: Ibikoresho bishya bitera imbere mu nganda
Mu rwego rwo kudakoresha karuboni, ibikoresho by’inganda bifite ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo ingufu zikore neza. Ibikoresho byo gushyushya ubushyuhe bya silicon carbide ntabwo bigabanya gusa igihombo cy’ingufu giterwa no kwangirika no gupima, ahubwo binatuma igihe kirekire kigabanuka, bigatuma umutungo utakaza agaciro uterwa no gusimbuza ibikoresho aho byaturutse. Kuri ubu, iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe neza mu nzego nshya z’ingufu nko gutegura silicon ya photovoltaic polycrystalline na bateri ya lithium, bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kwihuza n’ibindi bikoresho.
Nk'umuntu uhanga mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibumba rya karuboni ya silikoni, dukomeje guca mu nzitizi z'ikoranabuhanga zo gukora ibikoresho no gutunganya neza. Mu guhindura ibicuruzwa bifite imyenge itandukanye n'imiterere y'ubuso, iri koranabuhanga ry'umukara rishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byihariye by'inganda zitandukanye. Iyo ibikoresho bisanzwe bihindura ubushyuhe bihuye n'imbogamizi mu mikorere, ibumba rya karuboni ya silikoni riri gutangiza igihe gishya cyo kohereza ubushyuhe neza.
Amateka y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo guhanahana ubushyuhe ni inkuru y’udushya mu bikoresho. Kuva ku cyuma gishongeshejwe kugeza kuri aloyide ya titaniyumu, kuva kuri grafiti kugeza kuri karubide ya silikoni, buri mpinduka mu bikoresho bizana iterambere rinini mu mikoreshereze y’ingufu. Guhitamo karubide ya silikoni ntabwo ari uguhitamo gusa ibikoresho byizewe, ahubwo ni no guhitamo ibisubizo birambye by’inganda mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2025