Mu bikorwa by'ingenzi byo gukora inganda, imiyoboro ni nk' "imitsi y'amaraso" ishyigikira imikorere. Ntabwo igomba kwihanganira gusa ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ingese, ahubwo inahangana n'igabanuka ry'ibintu biterwa no kwangirika. Guhindagurika gato bishobora kugira ingaruka ku musaruro ndetse bigatera n'ibibazo by'umutekano. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubwoko bushya bw'imiyoboro bwitwaumuyoboro wa karubide ya silikoniyagiye ikundwa buhoro buhoro, kandi kubera ibyiza byayo bidasanzwe mu mikorere, yabaye igisubizo gikunzwe cyane mu nganda nyinshi. Uyu munsi, mu magambo yumvikana, reka mbagezeho iyi "nzu ikomeye iciriritse" mu rwego rw'inganda.
Karubide ya silikoni – ikintu kidakomoka ku byuma kidakomoka ku bimera kandi gikomeye kurusha diyama, cyakozwe kandi gitunganywa binyuze mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo kibe umuyoboro w’inganda ufite ibyiza byinshi. Ugereranyije n’imiyoboro yacu isanzwe y’icyuma n’imiyoboro isanzwe ya pulasitiki, ubushobozi bwayo bwo “kurwanya gukora” ni bwiza cyane.
Ubwa mbere, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese cyane. Mu nganda, ntabwo byanze bikunze guhura n’ibintu bihumanya nka aside ikomeye, alkali zikomeye, n’umunyu. Imiyoboro isanzwe izahita ihura n’ingese, bidasaba gusa gusimburwa kenshi ahubwo bishobora no gutuma ibintu biva. Imiterere ya silicon carbide irahamye cyane. Uretse ibintu bike byihariye, ishobora kurwanya ingese ya aside nyinshi na alkali byoroshye. Ni nko gushyira "intwaro yo kurwanya ingese" ku muyoboro, uhamye nka Mount Tai mu bintu bikoresha imiti, electroplating n'ibindi bintu bikomeye bya ngese.
Icya kabiri, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umuriro bw'imiyoboro ya silicon carbide buruta kure ubw'ibikoresho bisanzwe, kandi iracyashobora gukomeza gukora neza mu bushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kugeza kuri dogere 1350, ikanahindura neza imiterere y'akazi kenshi gakorerwamo mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika ntagereranywa. Mu gutwara ibikoresho birimo uduce duto nk'umucanga n'amabuye, ubushyuhe, nibindi, urukuta rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro ruzakomeza kwangirika no gusaza, kandi imiyoboro gakondo yoroshye kwangirika no kwangirika. Ubukana bw'imiyoboro ya silikoni karubide buri hejuru cyane, kandi hafi "ntibwangirika" mu gihe cy'isenyuka ry'ibikoresho igihe kirekire. Igihe cyabyo cyongerewe cyane ugereranije n'imiyoboro isanzwe y'icyuma, bishobora kugabanya cyane ibibazo n'ikiguzi biterwa no gusimbuza imiyoboro kenshi.
Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ya silikoni ifite akarusho gahishe: inkuta z'imbere zoroshye. Ibi bivuze ko ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kubirwanya mu gihe cyo kubitwara, bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, kandi ntibikunze kwangirika, bigabanya ingorane zo kubibungabunga no kubisukura. Nubwo ikiguzi cyabyo cya mbere cyo kugura kiri hejuru gato y'iy'imiyoboro isanzwe, inyungu yabyo yo kugabanya ikiguzi iragaragara cyane bitewe n'ikiguzi cyo kubibungabunga, ikiguzi cyo kubisimbuza, ndetse no kuzigama ingufu mu gihe kirekire.
Muri iki gihe, bitewe n’impinduka mu musaruro w’inganda ugana ku bidukikije kandi bitanga umusaruro mwiza, ibisabwa ku bikoresho by’imiyoboro birimo kwiyongera cyane. Imiyoboro ya silicon carbide igira uruhare runini mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu buhanga mu by’ubutabire, ingufu nshya, ikoranabuhanga mu by’ibyuma, no kurengera ibidukikije, bitewe n’ “amayeri atatu akomeye” yo kurwanya ingese, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, no kurwanya kwangirika, ikaba “intwari itagaragara” mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda ryiza. Ndizera ko mu gihe kizaza, uyu muyoboro ukomeye uzajya mu byiciro bitandukanye kandi ukoreshe ibyiza byawo by’ikoranabuhanga mu kurinda umusaruro w’inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 11-2025