Zoumbaumba za silicon carbidendi zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo apadera, kuphatikizapo kuuma kwambiri, kukhuthala kochepa komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Zinthu zimenezi zimapangitsa silicon carbide (SiC) kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu uinjiniya wamakina, mafakitale a mankhwala ndi zitsulo, ma uvuni a mafakitale ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana mozama momwe zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za silicon carbide, ndikugogomezera kufunika kwake pakupanga zinthu zamakono komanso njira zamafakitale.
Mu ntchito za uinjiniya wamakina, ziwiya za silicon carbide zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo bwino komanso kukana kuvala. Zipangizozi ndizoyenera kwambiri popanga zinthu zazing'ono zotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu zosweka zomwe zimafuna kulimba komanso kudalirika. Silicon carbide imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri popanda kusokoneza kapena kutaya umphumphu wa kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumakina ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Pamene mafakitale akupitilizabe kufunafuna zinthu zogwira mtima komanso zolimba, ntchito ya ziwiya za silicon carbide mu uinjiniya wamakina ikuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri.
Makampani opanga mankhwala ndi zitsulo apindulanso kwambiri ndi zoumba za silicon carbide. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino, makamaka chitsulo chosungunuka, slag ndi zitsulo za alkali. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo omwe zipangizo zachikhalidwe zimalephera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yopuma komanso kukonza zinthu zodula. Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, zoumba zazikulu zopitilira 65% padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu za silicon carbide zolumikizidwa ndi silicon nitride ngati zinthu zogwirira ntchito mu ng'anjo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku sikungowonjezera moyo wa ng'anjo zophulika ndi 20-40%, komanso kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, zoumba za silicon carbide zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zophimba ng'anjo ndi zoumba zosungunulira zitsulo monga aluminiyamu, mkuwa ndi zinc, zomwe zimasonyeza kusinthasintha kwake pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
Mu uvuni wa mafakitale, ziwiya za silicon carbide zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mipando ya silicon carbide kungathandize kuchepetsa kulemera ndi malo ofunikira, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri mafakitale monga mafakitale opepuka, zida zomangira ndi zamagetsi. Kulemera kochepa kwa zigawo za silicon carbide kumathandiza kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu chifukwa mphamvu zochepa zimafunika kuti zitenthetse uvuni. Kuphatikiza apo, kukana kwabwino kwambiri kwa zinthu za silicon carbide kumathandiza kuti kutentha kwa moto kukwere mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya uvuni ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino.
Zida za silicon carbide nazonso ndizofunikira kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera, kusungunula, komanso kutenthetsa zinthu. Kutenthetsera kosalunjika ndi mpweya kwakhala njira yabwino kwambiri m'njira izi chifukwa kumathandizira kuti kutentha kugwire bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa mpweya woipa, monga nitrogen oxides (NOx). Kugwiritsa ntchito silicon carbide m'zida zotenthetsera izi sikuti kumangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso kumagwirizana ndi zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi zochepetsera kuwononga chilengedwe. Pamene mafakitale akuyesetsa kupeza njira zotetezera chilengedwe, kufunikira kwa zida za silicon carbide zotenthetsera kungakule.
Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu za silicon carbide ceramics kumapitirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi chifukwa zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, mu gawo la zamagetsi, silicon carbide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductors ndi zida zamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa silicon carbide komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi apamwamba komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pamene kufunikira kwa zida zamagetsi zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zodalirika kukupitilira kukula, zinthu za silicon carbide ceramics zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga zamagetsi mtsogolo.
Kuphatikiza apo, makampani opanga ndege ndi magalimoto akuyamba kuzindikira kuthekera kwa silicon carbide ceramics pazida zopepuka komanso zolimba kwambiri. Kuthekera kwa silicon carbide kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso malo ovuta kumapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yokongola yogwiritsira ntchito monga masamba a turbine, ma brake disc, ndi zida zina zofunika kwambiri. Pamene mafakitalewa akufuna kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafuta ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa, kuphatikiza silicon carbide ceramics m'mapangidwe awo kungathandize kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika.
Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa silicon carbide ceramics kuli kosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo apadera komanso ubwino wawo. Kuyambira pa uinjiniya wamakina mpaka kukonza mankhwala, ma uvuni amafakitale ndi zamagetsi apamwamba, silicon carbide ceramics zatsimikizira kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zamakono. Pamene ukadaulo ukupitirira kupita patsogolo, kuthekera kwa silicon carbide ceramics kuti ipereke mayankho atsopano ndi machitidwe okhazikika kudzangowonjezeka. Tsogolo la silicon carbide ceramics likulonjeza, ndipo kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko zikupereka njira yogwiritsira ntchito zatsopano komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-29-2025