M'magawo ambiri monga kupanga mafakitale ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu, malo otentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndiye mayeso omaliza a magwiridwe antchito a zinthu. Pakati pa zipangizo zambiri zopirira kutentha kwambiri,kabide ya silikoniwakhala "mtsogoleri" pothana ndi mavuto aakulu otentha kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino zopewera kutentha, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ofunikira monga ndege, mphamvu zatsopano, zitsulo, ndi zina zotero.
Kodi silicon carbide ndi chinthu chamtundu wanji? Kwenikweni, ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi zinthu za kaboni ndi silicon, chomwe chimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mchere wosowa wotchedwa "moissanite" mwachilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri chimapezeka kudzera mu kupanga zinthu zopangidwa m'mafakitale. Ubwino waukulu wa chinthuchi ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri. Ngakhale m'malo otentha kwambiri a madigiri Celsius masauzande ambiri, chimatha kusunga kapangidwe kake kokhazikika komanso mphamvu zake zamankhwala, ndipo sichidzafewa kapena kusokonekera ngati zitsulo wamba, komanso sichidzagwirizana mosavuta ndi zinthu zina.
Chifukwa chiyani silicon carbide ili ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri? Chifukwa chachikulu chili mu kapangidwe kake kapadera ka kristalo. Maatomu a silicon carbide amalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi ma covalent bonds amphamvu kwambiri, ndikupanga kapangidwe kokhazikika ka maukonde atatu, monga kumanga 'nyumba yolimba ya microscopic'. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwonongeka kutentha kwambiri, osati kokha kupirira kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, komanso kukana okosijeni ndi dzimbiri kutentha kwambiri, kupereka chitsimikizo chodalirika cha magwiridwe antchito okhazikika a zida m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Mu ntchito zenizeni, kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa silicon carbide kumachita gawo losasinthika. Mu gawo la mphamvu zatsopano, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za semiconductor zosatentha kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito abwino a mafakitale monga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic; Mu gawo la ndege, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zida zamainjini ndi zida zoteteza kutentha kwa mlengalenga, zomwe zimathandiza zida kupirira kutentha kwambiri komwe kumachitika panthawi yoyenda mwachangu; Mu makampani opanga zitsulo, zinthu zotsutsana ndi silicon carbide zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri m'ng'anjo ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya zida.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo, njira zogwiritsira ntchito silicon carbide zikukulirakulirabe. Chida ichi chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chachilendo, chomwe chili ndi "jini lolimba losatentha", chikupereka chithandizo ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuti adutse mu bowo la ukadaulo wotentha kwambiri ndi zabwino zake zapadera, ndipo chakhala mphamvu yofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukweza mafakitale ndi kupanga zatsopano zaukadaulo. M'tsogolomu, ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwazinthu, silicon carbide idzawala kwambiri m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri ndikulemba mutu watsopano pazinthu zotentha kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-04-2025