Hauv kev sib tham ntev ntawm tib neeg thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv,silicon carbide ceramicstab tom teb rau qhov kev thov kom muaj kev nyab xeeb mus ib txhis nrog lub suab tshwj xeeb. Lub ceramic grey-dub zoo li qub no tab tom ua yeeb yam niaj hnub ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm "kev yoog nrog kev mos muag tawm tsam qhov nyuaj" hauv cov teb tshiab xws li kev lag luam tub rog thiab aerospace.
Cov cai tiv thaiv ntawm silicon carbide ceramics nyob hauv nws lub ntiaj teb me me. Thaum nthuav dav mus rau nanoscale, ntau cov qauv tetrahedral zoo li cov Lego blocks sib dhos ua ke, thiab lub network peb-seem ntuj no muab cov khoom siv nrog qhov nyuaj thiab tawv heev. Thaum lub mos txwv cuam tshuam rau saum npoo, cov qauv no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li "lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav molecular", txheej thiab yaj lub zog cuam tshuam, zam kev nkag thiab deformation ntawm cov hlau ib txwm muaj thiab kov yeej qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ceramics ib txwm muaj uas yooj yim tawg.
Piv rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv mos txwv ib txwm muaj, hom khoom siv ceramic tshiab no muaj tus cwj pwm "ob tus cwj pwm" tshwj xeeb. Nws qhov tawv tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm pob zeb diamond, tab sis nws qhov hnyav tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau. Qhov "lub teeb zoo li plaub" no ua rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv ua tiav qhov kev sib tw hauv kev ua kom lub cev tsis hnyav. Qhov xav tsis thoob ntxiv yog tias tom qab tiv taus qhov kev cuam tshuam loj heev, nws tsis tso kev ntxhov siab sab hauv zoo li cov hlau ua, thiab qhov "tsis zam txim" no ua rau cov khoom siv ntseeg tau zoo dua.
Hauv chav kuaj, lub phaj ceramic silicon carbide tab tom sim ballistic. Thaum lub projectile los txog ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 900 meters ib ob, cov hluav taws xob uas tawg thaum kov yeej zoo li lub foob pob hluav taws hauv lub ntiaj teb me me. Lub sijhawm no, qhov chaw ceramic pib qhia nws "kev txawj Tai Chi": ua ntej, los ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw siab heev, lub projectile raug blunted; tom qab ntawd, cov qauv honeycomb kis lub zog poob siab mus rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia; thaum kawg, los ntawm kev hloov pauv yas ntawm cov khoom matrix, lub zog seem raug nqus tag nrho. Lub tshuab tiv thaiv txheej txheem no txhais tau tias lub tswv yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv niaj hnub no.
Cov kws tshawb fawb txog khoom siv tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav ntau yam ua tau: los ntawm kev tsim bionics los ua raws li cov qauv txheej txheem ntawm lub plhaub, muab cov fibers ntse tso rau hauv lub matrix ceramic, thiab txawm tias sim ua kom cov khoom muaj peev xwm kho nws tus kheej. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no tsis yog tsuas yog tsav tsheb kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tshuab tiv thaiv tab sis kuj txhais dua lub ntsiab lus niaj hnub ntawm "kev nyab xeeb".
Txij li cov tub rog thaum ub cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm tooj liab mus rau cov nano ceramics niaj hnub no, tib neeg txoj kev nrhiav kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb tseem tsis tau hloov pauv. Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev txhim kho silicon carbide ceramics qhia peb tias: Kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws feem ntau yog los ntawm cov kev cai ntuj tsim zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev tshawb pom tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov kev seev cev zoo nkauj nrog cov kev cai ntawm lub cev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-16-2025