Tsillindricheskie gidrotsiklonlar
Obshchee opisanie. Prinsip deystviya
Tsentrobejnaya sila ispolzuetsya v tsentrifugah va gidrotsiklonax s selyu razdeleniya suspenziy va emulsiy na otdelnye sostavlyayutschie. V tsentrifikatsiya tsentrobejnaya sila voznikaet vrashcheniya ee korpusa natijasida. U gidrotsiklon proisxodit vrashchenie soderjimogo v nepodvijnom korpusda. Konstruktiv gidrotsiklon znachitelno proshche tsentrifugi, tak kak v ne otsutstvuyut podvijnye elementy, lekin po kachestvennym xarakteristikam razdeleniya suspenzii na legkuyu (fugat) va tyajeluyu (osadok) fazy on ustupaet tsentrifugam.
Printsip deystviya gidrotsiklon osnovyvaetsya na vysokoy skorosti suspenzii, podavaemoy v apparat tangentsialno. Natijada spiral vnutri korpusa uchun schet zakruchivaniya potoka voznikaet pole tsentrobejnyx sil va proisxodit razdelenie suspenzii na legkie va tyajelye komponenty, vyvodimrezye tyajelye komponenty, vyvodimrezye ishlab gidrodytsikyey. Effektiv raboty apparata otsenivaetsya velichinoy koeffitsienti moddiy balansga. Pri vysokoy plotnosti (tyaguchesti) isxodnoy suspenzii primenie hydrotsiklonov netelesoobrazno, poskolku proisxodit bystraya zakuporka otvodyashchix shtutserov.
Dlya ochistki stochnyh vod chashche hamma narsadan foydalaniladi napolnye gidrotsiklon (odnokorpusnye, batareynye, mnohoyarusnye).
Osnovnymi chastyami napolnogo gidrotsiklon yavlyayutsya konicheskaya va silindricheskaya chasti. Stochnaya voda popadaet v gidrotsiklon cherez tangentsialnyy patrubok, kotoryy nahoditsya v silindricheskoy chasti gidrotsiklon. Nasadok nahoditsya v kontse konicheskoy chasti. Imenno cherez nego osushchestvlyaetsya vyvod osadka, kotoryy vydelyaetsya iz stochnoy vody. Cherez slivnoy patrubok vyvoditsya osvetlennaya voda. Patrubok raspolagaetsya na osi siklona v verxney ego chasti. Po tangentsialno raspolojennomu vvodu v silindricheskuyu chast gidrotsiklon postupaet rabochiy potok. Dalee on dvigateli po vintovoy spirali va napravlyaetsya v konicheskuyu chast. Tam potok na urovne 0,7D (gde D yavlyaetsya diametrli silindrli apparati chasti) perevorachivaet k tsentralnoy osi, a posle etoho nachinaet dvigatsya po silindricheskoy spirali vverx, napravlyayas k slivnoy nasadke, s pomodashyu kotoroy iz.Blagodarya vozdeystvuyu tsentrobejnyx sil proisxodit otdelenie primesey daje pri nebolshix gabaritax apparata.
Pomimo etogo, primenyayutsya ham gidrotsiklon s periferiyym otborom osvetlennoy.
V pervom iz vysheperechislennyx gidrotsiklonov vpusk stochnoy vody proisxodit tangentsialno cherez obshchie uchun vseh yarusov shcheli, raspolojennye cherez 120°. Voda raspredelyaetsya na vysote v avankamerah, snabjennyh raspredelitelnymi lopakami. Pri etom rabochiy potok prodvigaetsya shodyascheysya spiralyu v yaruse, a posle etoho vyhodit v centralnuyu chast. Osadok, kotoryy spolzaet v yaruse cherez shlamovyvodyashuyu schel, napravlyaetsya v konicheskuyu chast apparata, keyin chego udalyaetsya blagodarya vozdeystvuyu gidrostatycheskogo napora. Gidrotsiklon ham udaleniya uchun ustroystvom snabjatsya mumkin. Skorost vosxodyaschego potoka v avankamere prinimayut ravnoy 0,5 m/s.Dlya togo chtoby opredelit udelnuyu gidravlicheskuyu nagruzku foydalanish formulasi:q = 3,6·k·(D2-(d+2·b)2)/D2·u0·N·ηgde k – popravochnyy koeffitsient, prinimaemyy ravnym 1;d – diafragmaning diafragma diafragma diafragmaning diametralnogo otversiyasi, m;
b – shirina shlamovyvodyaschey shcheli, m;
N – kolichestvo yarusov;
ķ – koeffitsient, kotoryy raven 0,75, esli nagruzka q naxoditsya v predelax ot 2 do 2,5 m3/(m2·ch);
D – diametri silindricheskoy chasti gidrotsiklona, m.Parametrlari mnogoyarusnyh gidrotsiklonov s naklonnym patrubkom:
- diametrli gidrotsiklona D nahoditsya v predelax ot 2 do 6 metr,
- vysota yarusa hyar ot 100 dan 250 mm gacha,
- chislo yarusov mumkin sostavlyat ot 4 dan 20 gacha,
- diafragma diafragma diametri (d) naxoditsya v predelax ot 0,6 dan 1,4 m gacha,
- shirina shlamovyvodyaschey shcheli b=100-150mm,
- chislo vpuskov n1=3.
Mnogoyarusnye gidrotsiklon primenyayutsya v protsesse intensifikatsii protsessa ochistki. Bu gidrotsiklonax rabochiy ob'em razdelyaetsya na otdelnye yarusy, razdelennymi konicheskimi diafragmami. Iz-za etogo oni imeyut nebolshuyu vysotu sloya otstaivaniya. A blagodarya vrashatelnym dvijeniyam udaetsya bolee to'liq foydalanish ob'em yarusa. Takje je eto sposobstvuet aglomeratsii vzveshennyh chastits. Pri etom kajdyy yarus rabotaet avtonomno. V prakticheskyh tselyah primenyayutsya gidrotsiklony, osnashchennye naklonnymi patrubkami, kotorye foydalanish uchun otvoda vody posle ochistky.
Ma'lumot manbasi: https://oil-filters.ru/hydrocyclones/
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